Spinal fusion surgery, a procedure aimed at stabilizing and alleviating pain in the spine, involves connecting two or more spinal bones to restrict their movement.
This surgical intervention becomes necessary to address various spinal issues, aiming to enhance stability and reduce discomfort.
This article explains “What is Spinal Fusion Surgery?” and discusses the intricate details of this medical procedure, elucidating its purpose, execution, potential risks, and post-surgery expectations comprehensively and professionally.
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Purpose and Procedure: Why Spinal Fusion?
Spinal fusion serves multiple purposes, such as rectifying spinal deformities, reinforcing weakened or unstable spines, and stabilizing the spine post-damaged disk removal. One common application is addressing scoliosis, where the spine curves sideways.
In cases of excessive motion between spinal bones caused by severe arthritis, spinal fusion can provide stability. Additionally, spinal fusion can stabilize the spine after removing a damaged disk.
The procedure involves strategically placing bone or bone-like material between the affected spinal bones.
This facilitates fusion and healing as the bones eventually integrate into a single solid structure. In some instances, metal plates, screws, or rods are used to hold the bones together during the healing process.
Variations in Approach: Different Paths to Fusion
There are distinct approaches to spinal fusion, each tailored to the specific condition and location of the spinal issue.
When fusion is required at the back of the neck, known as posterior cervical fusion, rods and screws are employed to secure the bones.
Conversely, anterior diskectomy and fusion involve removing a damaged disk from the front of the neck, followed by inserting a bone graft and using plates and screws to maintain alignment.
For lower back issues, surgeons may choose anterior or posterior spinal fusion, using metal plates, rods, and screws to facilitate healing.
Surgical Process and Aftermath: What to Expect
Spinal fusion surgeries are conducted under general anaesthesia. The surgeon selects a technique based on factors like the location of the spinal bones, the reason for the fusion, and the patient’s overall health. The procedure typically involves the following steps:
- Accessing the spine: Incisions are made at various points depending on the chosen approach. These incisions may be on the back, neck, stomach area, or throat.
- Preparing the bone graft: The bone graft, sourced from a bone bank or the patient’s own body (often the pelvis), is readied for insertion. Occasionally, synthetic materials are used instead.
- Fusion: The surgeon inserts the bone graft material between the spinal bones, and metal plates, screws, or rods are utilized to maintain alignment and support during the healing process.
Post-surgery, a hospital stay of a few days is common. Pain and discomfort can be managed effectively with medications.
As healing progresses, physical therapy may be recommended to ensure proper spinal alignment and movement. The bones may take several months to fully fuse, and a brace might be advised during this time.
Results and Considerations: Addressing Pain and Long-Term Outlook
Spinal fusion is effective in treating fractures, spinal deformities, and instability. However, its effectiveness is less clear when dealing with back or neck pain without a clear cause.
While the procedure can provide relief, it doesn’t prevent future pain. Spinal fusion doesn’t cure arthritis, a leading cause of back pain.
Moreover, restricted movement in the fused area can strain surrounding regions, potentially leading to further complications and the need for future surgeries.
In conclusion, spinal fusion surgery calms the spine and alleviates pain caused by various conditions.
While the procedure can provide relief and firmness, it’s essential to carefully weigh its benefits against potential long-term considerations.
Always consult a healthcare professional to determine the most appropriate course of action for your spinal concerns.
Anna Leake is a health blogger that focuses on topics related to nutrition, fitness, and mental health. She was born in New York City but at age 6 moved to the Midwest where she spent her childhood exploring nature with friends and family. Anna graduated from University of Michigan-Ann Arbor with degrees in psychology & human development.
